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Bremen or going into an arena to look for a string

Bremen holds a special place in my heart, both for personal reasons (the most important ones) and for tea ones.

This is why I was delighted to learn that the first German Tea Festival was being held in this town.

But first things first.

Bremen is a Hanseatic (yes me and the Hansa…) town in Northwest Germany, alongside the river Wesser and together with its “advanced” port Bremerhaven, they form the city-state of Bremen.

To be honest, Bremen is a nice “old” town with several typical things (Bremen Roland, the Town Musicians, Böttcherstraße, the Schnoor), but Bremerhaven is a bit too modern when compared to its sister town (that was my personal point of view on this matter).

After this few tourist lines, let’s go back to what really matters to you (or you wouldn’t read this blog): the German Tea Festival and tea.

The Festival was hold in the Bremen-Arena as a part of the Hanselife fair, a huge yearly fair with lots of different things to see (cars, hobby, food…).

I was there for the “opening” of the Tea Festival and a presentation by a German Tea Master.

He gave a lot of explanations on Japanese tea and on the Japanese tea ceremony, some of them I knew but some I didn’t (you can always learn something).

What I found quite interesting was his way to give me some foods for thoughts by linking the different tea ceremonies (including the Frisian one) together as a way of taking time to be with each other, to interact with these people and somehow to respect.

He was unable to perform the tea ceremony for the Bremen Mayor as this one was late and he had also a problem with his hand. However his son performed a tea ceremony that you will see below.

Filming this ceremony also helped me find out that my camera only makes films under 8 minutes: tea teaches you a lot of things 😉

After that, I climbed the stairs to the first floor and went to the Tea Festival per se.

The first steps led me to the tepiano stand where they were demonstrating and selling a tea Thermos made of glass but not a normal one, one where you could steep your tea either directly or through a filter.

Interesting stuff to see

Next to them was the stand of midori t, a German company specialising in Japanese teas and teawares.

I even saw some teas from the Palais des Thés.

A few steps later, two stands were selling their teas (Darjeeling for one and various teas for the other) but they were shadowed by a Samurai passing by and speaking in German.

The next two stands belonged to the German tea master from before and I spoke a bit with him about the different Japanese teas (this is one of these moments when you really want to speak a little more of a foreign language) before he offered a Matcha that had a slight spinach and nuts taste.

A small stand was standing here and this is where I found a book on tea but one in German.

It is from an editor called Umschau that specialise in books on food.

I read a few pages and found it was quite complete (they even mentioned the tea produced in Switzerland).

I am sure you have probably guessed it but I will still tell you: I bought it.

The last stand was from another company that sells a lot of fruit teas with real fruits.

I tried one of their teas but as usual, I had an headache after drinking it.

The last look before leaving the German Tea Festival was for the collection of tea related pictures.

My impression? The name of tea festival seems a bit over-rated as it was rather small and focused a lot of Japanese teas.

Was it an enjoyable experience? Yes.

Was it a memorable one? No.

The next step was a trip back to my favourite tea salon in Bremen, the one located in the Schnoor.

This tea house is located in a small street and is in a small two floors shop with nice little tables with candles.

Their teas are from Ronnefeldt and they have a “small” tea (and wine) card but with enough choice.

I took a Badamtam 1st Flush and a Superior Fancy Oolong together with a nice typical German pastry.

And they were quite good.

 

France, its colonies and tea

I know it is probably quite strange to publish something about a country that is going to get under the ever cautious eyes of Mr @thedevotea himself and that @lahikmajoe wrote about.

What is even worst is knowing that in 2009, with a mere 0,21 kg per year and per capita, France ranked 88 in terms of tea consumption per capita and per year (along really known tea drinkers countries like Azerbaijan, Belize and Moldiva) (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tea_consumption_per_capita and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations).

But we are talking about the country of Theodor, Palais des Thés, Mariage Frères, Kusmi Tea, Dammann Frères and so many others I forgot to name (and no this is not a ranking), so there must be something to it.

I did some research and found online a book published in 1912, L’agriculture pratique des pays chauds, a compilation of newspapers from the Bulletin du Jardin Colonial et des jardins d’essai des colonies françaises (Bulletin from the Colonial Garden and the French Tropical Botanical Gardens).

I think the best way to sum up this article is to say that some of the French colonies had potential but lacked both the cheap labour needed to harvest tea and the skilled one needed to prepare it.

The main producing area was Indochina but I will come back to it later.

In Senegal, there was no tea but a kind of ersatz, the Lippia adoensis, but the production was rather low.

Mayotte and Madagascar produced some tea (not much) but mostly in private gardens or through experiments with plants comings from Java or Ceylon.

The production in the second of these islands is said to have been of excellent quality but I don’t know how they judged it.

La Réunion must have shown great promises since tea production was introduced at least 4 times (1816, 1841, 1858 and 1894) from Java or Ceylon, mostly because the interest seems to have vanished because of the same reasons that seem to have plagued the French tea industry.

However, the quality was there since in 1867, tea from La Réunion earned the gold medal at the Paris Universal Exposition (the writer wrote the London one but it must be a mistake).

Now we are getting to Indochina, the tea jewel of the French Empire.

The local people produced a tea but it was badly prepared (at least for the European standards) and as such was not really interesting for the colonial power or the rich local people (who drank Chinese tea)

It seems that the missionaries were among the first to introduce tea production (mostly because no one ever thought of competing against the Chinese teas) in Assam from where it went in the whole country.

The different plantations belonged to French owners and the production was directly sold through them.

But all this for what?

Here is the tea consumption in France during these years.

As you will see it is not really that bright with a really low consumption per inhabitant and a stable price (rather typical of the period).

 

I would have liked to publish here some of the pictures that first inspired me but I asked for the authorization and didn’t receive it.

So I can only put the link here and hope you will click on it.

http://anom.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/sdx/ulysse/index

After clicking on it, just write “thé” in the “Plein texte” box and then hit enter.

Norway in a tea shop

What a strange title isn’t it? It was inspired by Norway in a nutshell, a wonderful trip you can do near Bergen with trains, boat and bus and where you get to see a lot of wonderful things.

You are wondering if I lost my mind somewhere in the northern parts of Norway or what has all this to do with tea and/or economics.

Well, I can insure you that my mind is right where it should be and that you will learn everything I found out about tea and Norway.

First of all, Norway is a coffee drinker country, perhaps even more than Germany.

This is quite obvious as soon as you get in the streets of any town, big or small.

I knew it but I am not easily discouraged and so before going there, I asked people on Twitter if they knew anything.

I got no answer and I thought that perhaps this was a bad omen of a sort but since I had just received the Devotea’s tea samples, I was under no stress since I had my own stock (but nothing to make tea except my good old Thermos).

 

This was it until I went to the Norsk Folkemuseum (Norwegian folkloric museum) and found out in the Kolonial (a kind of grocery store of old if I understood it well) this.

Interesting, no?

This is why I looked once more over the Internet and in the streets and found out a couple of things: a place that claims to have “initiated the trend”, what looked like a tea house (but I always too early or too late) and a tea shop but that was undergoing works until the 14th of July (perhaps a good omen this time).

Not bad for a first look in a non tea drinking country.

One afternoon, I went to the Tea Lounge (http://www.tealounge.no/) and I had some troubles finding it since its address is Thorvald Meyersgate 33c and I had forgotten about this small letter at the end.

As one would have guessed from the name, it was a lounge open on the street with music being played (I expected any minute to hear Leonard Cohen being played).

The place was not full (far from it) but I was perhaps a bit too early (I left at 7PM and the place is open until 1 or 3AM).

The orders were to be made at the bar, which allowed me to look at the jars with the different herbal things in it and I saw they were made of glass.

The list was okay with around 13 unblended teas, around the same number of blended ones, a couple of tea and alcohol mixes (not really my cup of tea so to say) and other alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.

What was a bit strange in it was the way it was presented as it mixed origins and types in a strange way (for example a Nepal tea in the Sri Lanka – Ceylon section) and with double accounts (this happened a lot with the Chinese and green teas).

From what I saw, I was the only one drinking tea there but I decided to just “keep on my shoes, lean back and just enjoy the melody” (who knows what I am talking about?) and drank two of them, a Pai Mu Tan and a Golden Nepal TGFOP 2nd Flush.

The final result was teas that were too strong and bitter, not because of the steeping time but because they put too many tea in the cups.

Perhaps I was unlucky because the waitress behind the bar didn’t know how to prepare tea or perhaps this is something common in Norway (strong black coffee for everyone?).

As someone later told me, “it is a pub with tea in it” but if only for this strange association between both concept, it is worth a try and perhaps one later in the evening?

And the smoothies were quite good.

Next stop was Bergen.

This time, I really had no luck with tea shops and/or salons but I still managed to have some interesting tea oriented experiences.

While looking in the basket full of morning drinks given by the hostess, I found this and gave it a try. It was an honest green tea but unfortunately the leaves had not enough room in their container to give their full flavour.

I looked at the box and found out that they have 5 other flavours.

I went on the Internet and didn’t find them. If anyone knows or finds them out somewhere…

It is also in Bergen that I managed to experiment the Devotea’s samples under some extreme conditions for some as you will soon see (I must confess that the conditions to make them were not the best I ever had and I will have to taste them again).

The Duchess was taken in a perfect high tea environment. I steeped it with different times and strength and never found it to become too strong. I can only say it was a round tea with a hint of Assam in it.

I am probably the man or woman who has drunk Lord Pettersham in the biggest slope (see http://www.norwaynutshell.com/ and you will understand what I mean). I thought this tea would be a good companion for such an interesting trip. The verdict? An interesting blend with different tastes emerging as you drink it (including a hint of fruit, which puzzled me).

Two Tigers was perfect to hunt the Trolls in the “hills” near Bergen and I think it scared them as I didn’t see any during the hiking time. It was stronger than the two previous ones and in spite of drinking it several times, I couldn’t find a hint of the teas in it, the blend was perfect.

As you might see from the picture, Finbarr’s Revenge was drunk in an Irish-London atmosphere in a really foggy day in the hills. I found a slight malty after-taste in it but it was really enjoyable as a good breakfast tea (even if I drank it all day long).

The next tea stop was Ålesund, a few kilometres up in the North.

Strange place to find hints about tea, no? I found tea in three places : an advertisement for a company, a furniture shop (yes I know it is rather strange) and a chocolate/coffee/tea salon/shop.

The advertisement was in the local magazine and was a presentation in Norwegian of the company (don’t expect me to translate all of it as my Norwegian was never good at all and closer to non-existent but I understood a lot of what they wrote in this small article if not all of it) Eqology (http://www.eqology.com/) and two pages with their products (life-style and beauty ones), among them 6 small boxes of tea (green, cranberry, blueberry, livex, rooibos and tropical tea). I didn’t buy them or really looked at them but the packaging is kind of intriguing, it looks like a beauty product.

The furniture shop (in Ålesund store centre) had 5 different brands : Pukka (a tea bags one that I later found in Germany in a bio shop), Traktør (the shop brand but I don’t know who makes it, if you can buy it or only drink it in the shop), Kusmi, Løv Organic and  Solberg & Hansen (a coffee company that seems to make a couple of teas).

The chocolate/coffee/tea salon/shop (also in Ålesund store centre) named Chocolatte (http://www.chocolatte.no) is not that big but is quite cosy and they also sell ice creams (rather good ones from what I heard), pralines and  stuff like that. They are selling Jeeves & Jericho teas and some others without brand (from what I saw, they were the typical stuff).

The Jeeves & Jericho are stored in their nice looking little boxes or in the big plastic/metal bags with the transparent plastic stuff in the front to display the leaves inside it. The other unbranded teas are stored in glass jars (once more).
Since I could have any tea I wanted for the same price, I had two different ones from Jeeves & Jericho: the Dragon Well and the Girlie Grey. Once again, they were too strong (this time I had the tea eggs in the cups and I looked at them, they were more than full) with the Dragon Well being quite herbal and the Girlie Grey tasting and smelling more citrus than vanilla.
The staff was really friendly and did not hurry me to buy or drink anything and the cups were quite big (I was really impressed by how much tea they gave you at once).

Another important thing (but I saw it again in another place) is that tea cost less than coffee, which amazes me as in France, it costs more (my analysis always being that it had to do with the water needed to make it).

There was also on the other side of the street a tea/coffee salon but they were closed in July and said they work with the Chocolatte store.

 

This brings us back to Oslo where I went to Grensen 3, the address of the tea store I had seen, the Black Cat (http://www.black-cat.no), the oldest tea shop in Oslo (starting in 1905) where they sell tea and coffee (they wrote kaffe og tehus, which means coffee and tea house).

They have a lot of teas (they claim to have more than 200 but I wasn’t able to check that) sold under their own brand and that are stored in big metal jars, transparent in the front.

The saleswoman was really helpful, allowing me to smell and check different teas while asking what I preferred (spicy, “pure”, green,…) to better suits her selection of teas.

In spite of some translation problems with some terms, she answered the questions regarding the flavours of the different teas, if they were artificial, made with fruits/flowers…

We even talked a little about the tea scene in Oslo and she recommended the tea salon I had seen in my previous stay and where I wanted to go before leaving Norway.

Before leaving, I bought a Chinese Moon Palace (perhaps a Chun Mee tea, I have to look deeper into it).

 

The final place I visited during my trip is the Tehuset (http://www.norges-tehus.no/), located in Lille Grensen, Karl Johans gate 25.

On the door, you could see an article from Aftenposten (a Norwegian newspaper), ranking this place n°1 for ice tea in Oslo.

This shop had probably the most modern design of all the tea places I found in Norway but not too modern.

The waiter allowed me to take my time to decide what I would drink (or eat as you can also find pastries and sandwiches there) and answered questions about the tea he had there or the tea market in Oslo (according to him, his was the only true tea salon in Oslo but this is just his opinion).

Once again, I took two teas another Dragon Well and an Iron Goddess of Mercy. And once again, they were both too strong for my tastes (but more on this a little later).

I then went back inside and looked at the jars containing the teas trying to see what they had in this shop and how they had classified it. It was a rather simple and easy to read system with colours.

As for their origins, I saw Assam, Ceylon, blacks or green teas with some classical blends, a couple of white teas and some rooibos or infusions.

They seemed rather Chinese and green teas oriented with a lot of those being fair trade certified.

I had to leave in a kind of hurry because the ship had to leave and I still had to check in and since I had still about half my teas available, I put them into my Thermos and thought that I would taste this unorthodox mix later.

The final result was a tea that smelled more like a Dragon Well, looked like an Iron Goddess of Mercy and tasted first like a Dragon Well then like a mix of both and that left me with an after-taste of Iron Goddess of Mercy

This improvised Dragon Goddess of Mercy was another interesting experiment.

My kingdom for a horse! Or rather an island for a tea!

Obviously, Richard III had no clue about tea otherwise he would never had asked for a horse.

In my case, I asked for tea but since I am no king, I only offered an island, the island of Sylt.

For those of you that are not German or Danish, I know I need to explain a little some things and I hope that the Germans and Danish that read the next few lines will accept my apologies for stating obvious or known things.

However, in either cases I won’t bother you with a tourist guide to Sylt.

 

Sylt is a Frisian island north of Germany and only a couple of kilometres (if these are kilometres) away from Denmark.

Its size shrink every year but they seemed to have been able to stop the process by bringing in sand, which according to what I heard was a highly controversial move.

It is the German equivalent to Saint-Tropez (without the ships or I missed them) because a lot of wealthy and famous people have houses there.

My trip was not tea oriented but the guide spoke about several tea places (one to drink and 3-4 to buy good tea) and I managed to find them and much more.

See the pictures below for the much more (a huge buy and drink tea shop/salon) but don’t ask me anything about this place since I was there on a Saturday at 14h00 and exceptionally they had decided to close earlier.

The previous lines were just an appetizer for one of our fellow Teatreaders to one day go to Sylt and make us a full report.

As I said the trip was not tea oriented but I had high expectations.

Why?

Because in Germany, the Frisian Islands are known to be the place where people drink tea.

They even have their own tea ceremony, with cream and rock candies (for anyone going there, don’t forget to put the spoon in the cup but only after you drink the third one).

Since I am always eager to understand things that are non-logical at first sight, I asked people in a tea store why were the Frisian Islands so famous in Germany for their tea.

 The answer is that one day, a ship came to England with tea but it had to go through a storm and the tea ended all mixed up since everything was broken but the teas were still dry.

When the ship arrived, the English didn’t want it since it didn’t suit their peculiar drinking habits.

So here they were with a ship full of tea but no one eager to buy it.

This is when a “nice” Frisian merchant (I don’t know why but merchants are always nice fellows in these stories) who was there said that he would buy it and the ship was sent to the Frisian Islands. It seems that people there liked it so much, they rationalised the all thing (after all, you cannot make your favourite drink rely on the weather, such an unreliable thing) and perfected it to make the now famous (at least in Germany) Frisian Blend

A nice story, no?

However the truth might be a little different.

Frisian are not far from the Netherlands (Frisian is also a region in the Netherlands) and since they speak more or less a close language (at least at that time) and were good sailors, they were quite often recruited by the Dutch East India Company to sail on their ships.

Since every sailor was doing a little bit of trade for himself, it is no wonder that tea came to the Frisian Islands, probably first as a drug but helped by the Church it quickly grew in popularity and managed to become the number one drink before beer.

This upset Prussia, which had become the owner of East Frisian (as this part of the country is known) in 1744 and in 1778, they tried to ban it but failed and two years later, they had to lift the law.

You will ask why were they so upset?

To understand it, you have to remember that at that time, Frederick II was King of Prussia and trying to “modernise” Prussia, which for that time meant that the economical theory they applied was mercantilism (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercantilism) or in other a bit too simplistic words “don’t let my gold go in the other countries and force them to bring their in mine .”

The Frisian love of tea meant a “huge” trade deficit with the Netherlands and good old gold coins going there instead of staying in Prussia.

This was not the last time that mainland Germany had to do something for the Frisian Islands and their love of tea as during World War II, they were allowed a bigger amount of tea per day than the rest of the country.

Is this more logical than the nice tale I told you a few lines above? Yes but since I could not find any peculiar reason behind the famous Frisian blend, I think both explanations go together rather well. Mine for the reason behind tea in the Frisian Islands and the other for the blend.

If you ever find a better explanation for it, just let me know and I might send you a pack of Frisian Mischung.

 

The (Tea)World is a village

TeaWorld Rendez-vous ©
I had read this name on the Internet but that was all as I had thought “this is probably another American thing, where I will never be able to go.”
But I saw something on several tea blogs that got me interested as I figured out it was in Brussels not too far away from where I live.

So here I was on Saturday, May 5th at Tours & Taxis, a former marshalling yard and import/export hall
The event was hosted in several big white tents and I managed to park nearly in front of the entrance (probably because I was there early in spite of my GPS having troubles to find its way in the tunnels).

After paying my ticket, I received a nice small cup as ticket and to taste what the different companies had to offer.

First halt for Hennessy/Theodor but the tea wasn’t ready yet (remember I was there early) and I am not into cognac, even when it is mixed with tea.

The next stop was for an unknown to me Swiss brand of kettles and such, Solis. I probably would not have stopped by them if I hadn’t seen my “magical” kettle there and heard the sellers saying it was new in Belgium.
I spoke with them and found out that they had just received it and I told them about tea, this product, how I was satisfied, how it worked…
I even tasted their first test (not the best tea made by this kettle) and gave them the name of the brands in France and in the USA that sell this product.

A nice lady then stopped me and said that they were offering a special discount on mint green tea.
I said “Thank you but I don’t like mint.”
She offered me to come back 15 minutes later to see a tea master preparing a “state of the art” tea.
Unfortunately, I didn’t make it back in time (too many things to see and too many people to talk to).

I then went to the tea bags corner (I know @thedevotea but I had to go through it) and found pyramidal and square tea bags, with more room than in a normal one.
I had read about both of them but I wasn’t really convinced.
What was more interesting in Lu Lin Teas was their boxes (and trials sessions) of Chinese teas and even more their small 9 loose leaf tea samples boxes

I then discovered African teas from Rwanda and Burundi.
Both ladies were quite informative on the tea, how it was produced and processed.
I tasted teas from both countries and I prefer the ones from Rwanda as they were not as harsh as the one from Burundi but perhaps they were better prepared.

I then stumbled upon a Korean company proposing herbal teas with medicine virtues (not my cup of tea) and a Japanese stand where I tasted two Japanese green teas made in the traditional way.
Speaking of the Japanese, I also witnessed a Japanese tea ceremony and then tasted a Chinese Jasmine tea.
Unfortunately, the Vietnamese were not there but I picked some papers they had left.

At that time, I was glad to have learned Spanish as I was in the Argentinian part of the salon and I talked with a nice lady selling tea bagging machines (now I know how it works), people from the Ministry of the Mission Regions (the former Jesuit Missions where they grow all kind of food stuffs including tea), someone from an Argentinian tea estate.
I tasted their green tea and I think they are probably still too much tea bags oriented but let’s give them some time and I am sure we might be surprised by what they do.

I then got back to the entrance and Theodor where a really nice and distinguished gentleman talked to me about Theodor.
He was quite knowledgeable about his company, where I could find their teas and he even listened to me speaking about how I select the teas I buy (me and my strange “tea-ories”).
I was even more pleased when I found myself speaking 5-10 minutes with Guillaume Leleu about teas.

After that I had to pay a visit to some relatives so I left the TeaWorld Rendez-vous©.
I didn’t buy anything but I was happy to have met people and  to have discovered new things.
In the end, this is what tea is all about.

“Why is a raven like a writing desk?” or how to be surprised in a well-known shop

I guess that at this point in time, @peter is probably wondering what I am doing and why I needed to tease him.

To be honest, this reminds me a story about Hatta and Haiga when they were drinking tea together and wondering “Why is a raven like a writing desk?”

Right now, half of you are thinking I have given up trying to resist our mad side and the other half (the more gentle) will think I have been cut out of my tea supplies for too long.

Both half are wrong. For the first half, I just intent to show that out of crazy and erratic things, good things can come. And for the second half, just look below.

 My teas

Let’s get back on tracks.

10 days ago, I was at my parents’ place for a birthday (a round one but I won’t tell which one) and I was sent to do some shopping in a supermarket near their house.

I was near the fruits and vegetables when suddenly something seemed out of place…

 Vrac Auchan

Yes, this.

A “take it yourself” space full of coffee, spices and … teas.

You read it right, teas sold in bulk and that you can smell, see,…

I thought “Peter, where are you hiding? Do you work for a French company?”

I went there and looked at it, I even took several pictures and was asked by a member of the staff not to do so as it was forbidden.

Like the good boy that I am, I listened to her but I can still tell you what they were selling :

Fruits and flowers black tea (Chinese tea), Red fruits green tea (Chinese tea), Citrus and passion fruit green tea (Chinese tea), 2 Infusions, Red fruits black tea (Chinese tea), Tchai tea (Chinese tea), Sencha (Chinese tea), Earl Grey (Chinese tea), English Breakfast (Ceylon and Indian teas), Darjeeling (Indian teas), Ceylon BOP (Ceylon teas), Mint green tea (Chinese teas)

There were no other indications like gardens, provinces… but what I can tell you is that they were not expensive at all.

Since I wanted to show you something but couldn’t (I only have one word), I decided to send a message to their Customer Service requesting pictures and asking for more information.

They answered rather quickly and here is what they wrote (don’t worry, I translated it).

Auchan wants to sell more and more discount products while protecting the natural environment. To do so, we are always looking for new solutions.

This is why we are testing in this shop a compete range of food products of quality but sold in “bulk.” Some products are pleasure products. But quite often, they are those we don’t buy on a daily basis (too expensive, not needed).

Our idea behind this new range of products? To allow our customers to have them but to let them decide on the volume or the quantity).”

I don’t know if they will test it in another supermarket or diversify their suppliers but I will follow this test and see what happens.

I didn’t buy anything yet but next time, I will (I need to check the quality and support “good” ideas.

You will get lost but one day you will thank me

What a strange title, no? But I do think that you will understand what I meant before the end of this post.

Call me a magician but I know what your deepest dream is: you all dream of owning and operating a tea plantation.

Can you imagine the joy of drinking your own production?

However I am no magician but someone interested in tea, figures and facts. Therefore you can imagine how happy I was when I found online a paper called “Rapid estimation of the minimum size of a tea project” (Guinard André. Evaluation rapide de la dimension minimum d’un projet de production de thé. In: Économie rurale. N°87, 1971. pp. 67-71. http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_87_1_2137).

Unfortunately, it is in French and it was written 40 years ago.

But I am here to help you and I am not sure but I thought that perhaps what was true 40 years ago is still true today.

My only fear is that it might become too complex but we will see.

The first thing to understand is that this estimation is based on the profitability criteria, which for the author means finding out what is the minimal size which minimises fixed costs per unit of production.

Why does he want to do that?

Easy. Fixed costs are business expenses that are not dependent on the level of goods or services produced by the business (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_cost); so the lower they are per unit produced, the higher the profit is for each sale.

Why did he use them and not other direct production factors (capital, work force, land…)?

Simple, because it takes so much time to “create” a plantation that the optimal use of these direct factors is too far away to be of any interest here.

The author decided to focus on the factory as even if it is not the most costly part of the process (20 to 30% of the investments and total price of the project), it is one where the fixed costs are the most important (50% of the fabrication costs).

 

Here comes the tricky part.

The total daily capacity of the factory is equal to the number of production lines available multiplied by their hourly production capacity and the maximum operational hours per day.

But how do you find what is the needed daily capacity? It is quite simple; the factory needs to be able to deal with the maximal daily production of the plantation, which is function of the maximum production by hectare multiplied by the number of hectares.

This means that the size of the plantation must be equal to the total capacity of the factory divided by the maximum production by hectare.

Let me guess. You are lost, aren’t you.

The only important thing to know is that if you ever get your hands on the perfect piece of land to create your own tea plantation, you will have everything you need to decide how to optimize it.

The other side of the coin, or double speak of the tea pseudo-worldy ?

This is not something I wrote but the translation in English (thanks to @jackie and @lahikmajoe for proof reading it) of a post made by Guillaume Leleu, the owner and founder of the French tea company Theodor (www.theodor.fr), on Monblogdethé (www.monblogdethe.fr).

The original post was in French and in it, Guillaume Leleu speaks about flavoured teas.

But I will let the stage to the maestro himself.

This is about tea. Tea? Yes, so much talk about what one claims to know. Success? Reputation? Respect? Dare I believe that all of this is only pure jealousy?

Why do I find it hard to believe that this is a subject where people speak frankly, objectively and without ulterior motives, or nasty intentions? Because if I were wrong, at least, we would open up a debate. Public or not, it would allow the exchange of ideas.

But this cannot happen, as long as the narrow-mindedness of some, the meanness of their comments, their lack of arguments are not publicly exposed.

To have the courage to voice their opinions, and to speak out against those of others, are acts of chivalry, something of another time, nothing more than a dream today.

So be it, but let’s use the same weapons of treachery and hypocrisy that our friends use. Let’s say things out loud without naming anyone, the evil of what is left unsaid.

I have rarely seen as many articles, posts, memos as I do today, lamenting all the wrongs of flavoured tea, how it infringes on on the “holy drink”, the only tea worth our attention; unflavoured and single origin tea. A term used by pseudo experts, not marketing driven at all, of course, not what were you thinking?

So, flavoured teas are just a way of “marketing teas of unbearable taste… that stink… without body .. of mediocre quality… with “cheap” flavours”… only worth “cooking with”… “… to make things easy and profitable for tea merchants.”… “pulling the wool over your eyes” … and one should never “stoop so low as to consume such improper drinks.” As to those “poor fools” who consume, purchase and enjoy them I shall not repeat the comments made – one more glorious than the other – about these likely uneducated, uncultured, and ill-mannered people.

These opinions would not be problematic if they were well, just simply opinions, points of views open to contradictory response, leaving room for doubt, or recognizing difference. Rather they are verdicts in a rigged trial where guilt is proclaimed before the proceedings even begin.

Instead the remarks reek of intolerance beyond what education and good breeding allow. They are abusive, petty, mean, proof of a total lack of courage, and audacity. It is my duty not to remain silent, and I must restore a little bit of respect to this much maligned flavoured tea.

Of course this problem isn’t new. Wanting to create a scale of values in this righteous world, to establish a noble lineage – more noble than others, to boast about privilege has always been the joy of the pseudo intellectual bourgeoisie. Better value yourself, rather than wait for others to do so, especially if you know how little you are worth. It is easier to pretend to be, than simply be.

So is flavoured tea a “second league” tea?

You will have understood that according to some: YES, or even a third or fourth league one.
In my humble opinion as small creator of such blends, but also as a mere consumer: NO and far from it.

Flavoured tea is one of the many facets of tea and always has been. It is one aspect, alongside the gardens, varieties, and methods that make up tea to the most noble degree. It is an integral part of the drink and merits the same recognition as a Dan Cong, a Darjeeling or an Oolong from Taiwan.

Lu Yu would turn in his grave if he knew of this stance that perpetually questions the value of flavoured tea. Because it goes against the whole philosophy behind tea. Tea is the drink of hospitality, of welcome, it is the drink of the poor and also the rich. It is the drink with more than a thousand and one faces.

Tea is the ambassador of tolerance, of respect, of cultural encounters and exchange.

There isn’t, and there never was a degree of nobility in a cup of tea. It is a drink, and the harmful Western way of assigning degrees of value to man should not be applied to tea.

Personally, I drink more pure tea than flavoured teas because I enjoy the widely variable characteristics of the former. Does this give me the right to judge or shun my neighbour? Does this give me authority to pretentiously dismiss those who do not share my tastes?

After all, this is nothing but a matter of taste, not of finesse, elegance, nor even the spirit of taste but one of egotistical self appreciation, of loving what one loves.

Flavoured tea, not only the teas I create are nothing but nature meeting nature, one plant “Camelia” mixed with other plants, be they fruits, flowers, spices. How is this less noble than a single origin tea? I don’t know.

Do these critics ever cook? Do they only eat their tomatoes plain, without vinegar, salt, pepper? Don’t they cook their meat or their fish? Do they eat everything raw?

Is creating a flavoured tea a diabolical act where you alter what is most noble? Does this make me guilty of sorcery? Am I committing the unforgivable in wanting to create a cookie flavored tea – to the point where comments, one more flattering than the next such as “”marketing tea… that stinks… without body…” are applied?

IF this is the case, I am lucky that I was not the first. Poor Chinese, Arabs, Indians and other devils who showed me the way! Oh no, I forgot, a Chinese flavoured tea is as noble as a tea flavoured in France yes, yes I assure you. Probably the lineage

When Hennessy requests my expertise to match its “fine de Cognac” with tea, to create a new drink, is that wrong?

But my God, Chanel dyes the cotton and the linen it uses to make its most beautiful dresses! Hermès mixes leather and zamak, that it uses as clasps for its handbags. I ask myself what is the world is coming to?

I had hoped that 2012 would allow us to focus on the most important values in life: sharing, respect, self-sacrifice. It is a waste and I am truly saddened when I see myself having to write this letter to respond to poor comments.

What reassures me, however, is that in our modern world, most tea consumers don’t listen to such rhetoric. They don’t impose their tastes on others by presenting them as the only way, thus claiming the monopoly on wisdom. . How many tea lovers have I known who discovered the flavour of Puer thanks to flavoured teas? And let’s dare ask, would we find pure tea today if flavoured tea wasn’t sold? I can assure you the answer is NO.

My morning tea is a Souchon, my daily tea is quite often an Oolong, or a wonderful Japanese green tea. I must confess that I like the multiple and complex notes of a plain tea… but those aside, I am always eager to taste the elegance, the surprise and the pleasure of the floral, spicy or greedy notes of a cup of flavoured tea. There is one thing that is true: I do not prepare it following the Gong Fu Cha and I suggest those who prepare a flavoured tea in such a manner, should refer back to their pseudo expert – as for their information – this ceremony is reserved for Wulongs.

To conclude, these are the same people who, with their double speak of flattery and hypocrisy, call the company I have the honour to have founded “the best company” for flavoured tea, “renowned for its blends.” This permits them to infer politely that at Theodor you’ll only find third rate teas.”

So, Ladies and Gentlemen, you the self-righteous of the tea world, worldly in another world, it is with pride and unconcealed joy I inform you that I serve my creations and blends to thousands of tea lovers every day.

Understand that our blends are highly respected and accompany the meals in the best restaurants of the world, as well as those in simple establishments. It is with dignity that I strive to maintain the glorious title you have bestowed upon us. And if you permit me to give you one last piece of advice – because unlike you the company I represent does not practice discrimination: You will also find some of the finest selections of teas that the world and nature offer us, through the gardens, the plantations and the people. It is up to you to find merit in this aspect of tea. However, in order to do so you will need to become a little more open-minded.

Long live the mixed, the melting pot, and diversity. Here’s to a long and peaceful life to pure tea, flavoured tea, smoked tea, and all the other wonderful plants, flowers, and fruit infusions that bring sensory pleasure and smiles into our cups and glasses every day.

Guillaume Leleu

“Café du Commerce” and tea

Let’s start with what is called in French a “Café du Commerce” analysis (mostly a popular wisdom analysis that you can hear in most cafés): tea prices are too high.

You do agree, right? How many times did you hear that? Or perhaps even say it?

I once explained why the same teas sold by two different companies could be sold at different prices(Whats in a name?…Price) but this is not really the point made by popular wisdom here.

The point is more that the price of the commodity itself is high.

Since I begin to write this blog, this question of prices has been fascinating me. Why?

Because tea is for now still sold through auctions and is one of the last (if not the only one) commodities to be sold that way.

This means no futures (to be simple and unfair to what was supposed to be an insurance product about bad crops, let’s say that it is a way for the financial markets to speculate on the prices of commodities but if you want a more impartial definition, just follow the link Futures Contract) and therefore no speculations, only the good old supply and demand meeting each other and deciding for a price.

The perfect dream of any economist, no?

Don’t be afraid, I won’t try to find out if there is speculation on the prices of tea but I will try to find out if it is true that prices are high.

To do this, I needed data (yes, economists can live on a diet made mostly of statistics, data and figures but not without a drink, which for me is obviously tea) and I was lucky to find two online sources: one with the monthly prices (in US cents per kg) of the last 360 months (starting for me in November 1981) at the London and then at the Mombasa auctions (Monthly Commodity tea price from IndexMundi) and the other with the weekly average prices of tea at the weekly auctions of Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Kenya and Malawi from December 1999 to June 2002 (Dharmasena, Kalu Arachchillage Senarath Dhananjaya Bandara (2004). International black tea market integration and price discovery. Master’s thesis, Texas A&M University. Texas A&M University. Available electronically from International black tea market integration and price discovery)

Then I had to cross check the data to see if it was usable for me and the answer was that the first set of data was usable while the second wasn’t.

Why? Because according to the methodology from the author, he had to make some guesses and assumptions (that might be right but I wanted fully reliable data) and second because I had no easy way to know when these auctions were hold, making the second step of my analysis a lot harder to do.

So what does these sets of data look like?

To be as complete as possible, you will find below both of them (for the second one, I put everything at 100 in the first week so as to compare the evolutions of different prices labelled in different moneys) but I will only use and comment the first one.


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You will all see that after a kind of bubble in 1983-1985 and another in 1997-1998, the price was moving around a central value of more or less 200 cents per kg and this until 2005 when it began to rise to reach a little over 350 cents per kg in November 2011, meaning a rise of 175% between 1981 and 2011.

Not bad?

So now, you will begin to wonder why did it rise like that? That is a good question but one I will not answer here as there are several plausible explanations and one set of data even over 30 years might not be enough to find the good one (or good ones).

The next thing you will begin to say is that the good old popular wisdom was right and that we are all sheep waiting to be sheared.

Since you know me a little by now, you can easily understand that the answer might not be as easy as it seems.

Why? I hear them (you know them, the guys sitting at “Le Café du Commerce”) say, “the data is here, you must recognise that we are right.”

I am sorry guys but there is still a little something I need to check before telling you that you are right or wrong.

What do I have in mind exactly? A simple thing : nominal vs. real values.

You are probably thinking this is another strange concept but it isn’t.

You all know that the value of money changes overtime or put it in another way, for 1$ today, you don’t buy the same amount of a given product than 20 years earlier.

You might argue it is just a trick to make things more complex but it has more to do with inflation than with tricks, ie prices go up and down each year following inflation or from time to time deflation, so 1$ of 1991 would be more or less worth 1.6$ of 2011 (I said more or less because I didn’t bother what should be written after the point).


Click to view

So, what do these new figures tell us?

We see that the same bubbles over the years but what is more important is that tea prices have decreased.

Yes, you read me right. In the last 30 years, the price of the auctioned tea has become cheaper in constant money.

You should feel lucky to live nowadays, shouldn’t you?

The First Tea War: a History

From The First Tea War: a History

The following extract is a transcription in modern English of a poem found in the wreckage of the HMS Aeolus, following the first border skirmishes between Great Britain and China during the First Tea War

O you, Robert Fortune,
For Queen, the City and Country,
You went in a far away country,
To look for the bringer of joy and fortune.

A lady called Camilla,
That turns mere water
Into a drink subtler
Than the mighty Mocha.

When you left with the fog behind you
For the Kingdom of the Sons of Heaven,
Did you see the men that would follow you
To the Greater Heaven?

In the middle of still unexplored mountains,
Looking for the tea fountains,
Claws and flames against steel and powder.
Each trying to bring order.

Our mighty ships in the sky,
Big, shielded and moving so slowly,
Facing the true masters of the sky,
Beautiful, yet agile and deadly.

Several times, did we face them
These mighty beasts stronger than a boar
But they were just glowing in the sun like a gem
Meaning “Cry “Havoc!”, and let slip the dogs of war”.